Geneva: WHO has officially requested detailed information from China regarding an upswing in respiratory illnesses and reported clusters of pneumonia in children.

During a press conference on November 13, 2023, Chinese authorities from the National Health Commission disclosed a rise in the incidence of respiratory diseases in China. This surge was attributed to the easing of COVID-19 restrictions and the circulation of known pathogens, such as influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae (a common bacterial infection affecting younger children), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19). Authorities emphasized the necessity for heightened disease surveillance in healthcare facilities and community settings, as well as the reinforcement of the health system's capacity to handle patients.

By November 21, media and ProMED reported clusters of undiagnosed pneumonia in children in northern China. It remains unclear whether these are linked to the overall increase in respiratory infections previously reported by Chinese authorities or if they are separate incidents.

On November 22, WHO formally requested additional epidemiologic and clinical information, along with laboratory results from the reported clusters among children, through the International Health Regulations mechanism. Further information about recent trends in the circulation of known pathogens, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as the current burden on healthcare systems, was also sought. WHO is actively engaged with clinicians and scientists through existing technical partnerships and networks in China.

Since mid-October, northern China has witnessed an increase in influenza-like illness compared to the same period in the previous three years. China has established systems to collect information on trends in influenza, influenza-like illnesses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, reporting to platforms like the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System.

While WHO awaits this additional information, it advises people in China to adhere to measures to reduce the risk of respiratory illness. These measures include recommended vaccination, maintaining distance from individuals who are ill, staying home when unwell, undergoing testing and seeking medical care as needed, wearing masks when appropriate, ensuring good ventilation, and practicing regular handwashing.